Dormant handoff in a packet data network

ABSTRACT

Mobile unassisted dormant handoff in a wireless communication system supporting packet data communications. While in a dormant mode, a mobile node may change packet zones, wherein different packet zones are serviced by at least one different infrastructure element, without identifying the change to the system. The change in packet zone does not necessarily trigger establishment of a communication path for the mobile node until there is packet data ready for communication. In one embodiment, mobile assistance is adapted to the system, and is disabled at the mobile node by an indication in a system parameter message transmitted by the system and received by the mobile node.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY UNDER 35 U.S.C. §120

The present Application for Patent is a Continuation of patentapplication Ser. No. 10/269,936 entitled “Dormant Handoff in a PacketData Network” filed Oct. 10, 2002now U.S. Pat. No. 7,110,377, pending,and assigned to the assignee hereof and hereby expressly incorporated byreference herein.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The present invention relates generally to dormant handoff in a wirelesscommunication network supporting packet data transmissions, and morespecifically, to mobile-unassisted dormant handoff.

2. Background

For data transmissions, such as packet data transmissions, data istransmitted via the network using Internet Protocol (IP) addressing,referred to as Mobile IP routing. IP addresses are used to route packetsfrom a source endpoint to a destination by allowing routers to forwardpackets from incoming network interfaces to outbound interfacesaccording to routing tables. The routing tables typically maintain thenext-hop (outbound interface) information for each destination IPaddress, according to the number of networks to which that IP address isconnected. Thus, the IP address typically carries with it informationthat specifies the IP node's point of attachment. For a communicationnetwork, this involves forming a series of connections to form a pathfrom the source to the destination. Specifically, a Point-to-PointProtocol (PPP) is used to establish the path.

The network is typically divided into multiple packet zones wherein eachpacket zones services a particular geographical area. As a MobileStation (MS) or other mobile node moves throughout the network, the MSmay move from one packet zone to another. Such movement may require theMS to establish a new path via the current packet zone and tear downprevious path. This process is referred to as handoff.

For a given MS, when packet data is actively communicated via a givenpath, handoff is accomplished by use of the signaling messagestransmitted between the MS and the network for the packet data activity.During dormant periods when the path is not being used for packet dataactivity, the MS typically assists the handoff by providing signalinginformation that identifies the current location of the MS. Handoffduring a dormant period is referred to as “dormant handoff,” and theprovision of information by the MS during dormant handoff is referred toas “mobile-assisted” dormant handoff. In response to the signalinginformation, the network establishes a new path and tears down theprevious path.

Dormant handoff may occur many times before any packet data is ready forcommunication to or from the MS. In this situation, paths areestablished and torn down any number of times, wasting networkresources. Additionally, the transmission of the signaling message fromthe MS associated with establishment of each new path uses wirelessresources.

There is a need therefore, to provide efficient dormant handoff thatreduces the use of network IP resources. There is further a need toprovide efficient dormant handoff without mobile assistance that reducesthe demands on the network wireless resources.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a data communication system.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a data communication system illustratingmultiple packet zones.

FIG. 3 is a detailed portion of a data communication system.

FIG. 4 is a state diagram illustrating operation of a mobile node in acommunication system.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating call flow in a communication system.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating call flow in a communication system.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of message processing at a mobile node.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of processing at the mobile node wherein thesystem parameters message identifies a mobile assistance criteria fordormant handoff.

FIG. 9 is a mobile node.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of fields in a system parameters message.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As the demand for increased services, such as data services and otherInternet Protocol (IP) services, increases the complexity ofestablishing and maintaining these services for mobile, i.e., wireless,users increases. While a mobile user is not accessing such servicescontinually as traveling over a geographical area, often times theconnections are maintained so as to facilitate such services on an asneeded basis. For example, a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) connectionmay be established and maintained for a given mobile user even when thatuser is not receiving data service. While no data is communicated, themobile user may be in a dormant mode. In one system, a mobile in dormantmode sends an Origination message, as defined for cdma2000, every timeit roams into a different packet zone. The Origination messages areprimarily used to update the various connections between the PacketControl Function (PCF) node and the Packet Data Service Node (PDSN). TheOrigination messages may introduce interference on an access channel, asany number of mobiles, in dormant mode, may also be crossing packet zoneboundaries. The following embodiments reduce the complexity and waste ofresources while a mobile is in dormant mode using a process referred toas “Mobile-Unassisted Dormant Handoff.”

As an example, a system utilizing Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)techniques is the cdma2000 ITU-R Radio Transmission Technology (RTT)Candidate Submission (referred to herein as cdma2000), issued by theTIA. The standard for cdma2000 is given in the draft versions of IS-2000and has been approved by the TIA and 3GPP2. Another CDMA standard is theW-CDMA standard, as embodied in 3rd Generation Partnership Project“3GPP”, Document Nos. 3G TS 25.211, 3G TS 25.212, 3G TS 25.213, and 3GTS 25.214.

FIG. 1 illustrates a packet data network 100 according to oneembodiment. Note that alternate embodiments may have differentterminology for similar functional units, and may incorporate differentconfigurations of components and functional units. For the presentdiscussion, the network 100 of FIG. 1, and other detailed figures, willbe used for defining a path; however, alternate embodiments may define apath according to the specific configuration and functions used therein.The packet data system 100 includes two System Identification (SID)zones 110, 120, each having multiple Network Identification (NID) zones112, 114, 116, 122, 124, 126. The SID/NID are used in voice systems andgenerally identify a serving area. For example, an MSC serving area maybe associated with a pair of (SID, NID) values.

For packet data communications within a system supporting packet datacommunications, such as system 100 of FIG. 1, mobile IP communicationand connectivity are described in “IP Mobility Support” by C. Perkins,dated October 1996, and referred to as RFC 2002. FIG. 2 illustrates theflow of information in datagrams for a given Mobile Node (MN) 210 orMobile Station (MS) according to mobile IP. As illustrated, each mobilenode 210 is a host or router that changes its point of attachment fromone network or subnetwork to another. A mobile node may change locationwithout changing IP address; and may continue to communicate with otherInternet nodes at any location using that IP address, when link-layerconnectivity to the point of attachment is available. Each mobile node210 has an associated home agent 202. The home agent 202 is a router onthe mobile node's home network which tunnels datagrams for delivery tothe mobile node 210 when the mobile node 210 is away from home, andmaintains current location information for the mobile node 210.

A foreign agent 204 is a router on a mobile node's visited network whichprovides routing services to the mobile node 210 while registered. Theforeign agent 204 detunnels and delivers datagrams to the mobile node210 that were tunneled by the mobile node's home agent 202. Fordatagrams sent by a mobile node 210, the foreign agent 204 may serve asa default router for registered mobile nodes.

A mobile node 210 is given a long-term IP address on a home network.This home address is administered in the same way as a “permanent” IPaddress is provided to a stationary host. When away from the homenetwork, a “care-of address” is associated with the mobile node 210 andreflects the mobile node's current point of attachment. The mobile node210 uses the home address as the source address of all IP datagrams thatit sends. While away from home, the mobile node 210 registers thecare-of address with the home agent 202. Depending on method ofattachment, the mobile node 210 will register either directly with itshome agent 202, or through a foreign agent 204 which forwards theregistration to the home agent 202.

For the system 100 of FIG. 1, a typical configuration 300 within eachPZID is illustrated in FIG. 3. A Packet Data Service Node (PDSN) 302 iscoupled to Packet Control Function (PCF) Nodes 304 and 310, which areeach coupled to Base Station Controllers (BSCs) BSC1 306 and BSC2 312,respectively. A first communication path is defined by PDSN 302 to PCF1304 to BSC1 306, wherein the BSC1 306 communicates with the MN 308within PZID 320 via an air interface. When the Mobile Node (MN) 308moves to another PZID, such as PZID 330, a new path is established forpacket data communications defined by PDSN 302 to PCF2 310 to BSC2 312,wherein the BSC2 312 communicates with the MN 308 within PZID 320 via anair interface. The path connections from PDSN 302 to PCF1 304 and PCF2310 define A10 connections. The path connections from PCF1 304 to BSC1306 and from PCF2 310 to BSC2 312 define A8 connections. A PPPconnection is established between the MN 308 and the PDSN 302. If the MNchanges PDSN, a new PPP connection is established between the MN and thenew PDSN.

For calls supporting packet data services, a Packet Data Serving Node(PDSN) exists that interfaces between the transmission of the data inthe fixed network and the transmission of the data over the airinterface. The PDSN interfaces to the BS through a Packet ControlFunction (PCF), which may or may not be co-located with the BS. For thepacket data system illustrated in FIG. 3, an MN 308 may operate in oneof at least three states or modes.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, there are three packet data service states:Active/Connected State 402, Dormant State 404, and Inactive State 406.In the Active/Connected State 402, a physical traffic channel existsbetween the mobile station and the base station, and either side maysend data. In the Dormant State 404, no physical traffic channel existsbetween the mobile station and the base station, but the PPP linkbetween the mobile station and the PDSN is maintained. In the InactiveState 406, there is no traffic channel between the mobile station andthe base station and no PPP link between the mobile station and thePDSN. FIG. 4 illustrates the transitions between states.

The A8 connection is maintained during the Active/Connected State andreleased during transition to Dormant or Null/Inactive State. The A10connection is maintained during the Active/Connected and the DormantState. The A10 connection is terminated when the mobile station is inthe Inactive State 406.

As part of the support for the Dormant State 404, the air interfacesupports a Data Ready to Send (DRS) indicator that is used onOrigination. When a mobile node sends an origination request with apacket data service option specified, it will include the Data Ready toSend (DRS) bit. This indicator will be set to 1 on initial call setupand when the terminal wishes to transition from Dormant State 404 to anActive State 402 indicating that there is data to be sent and acorresponding request for establishment of a traffic channel. The DRSbit will be set to 0 to indicate that the terminal has transitioned apacket zone boundary while dormant, and is sending the originationrequest to update the network as to the current location.

On receipt of an Origination message with the DRS bit set to 1, the BSCwill initiate the call setup procedure. The call setup procedureestablishes the path for a packet data communication to the currentlocation of the mobile node. Path establishment typically results in theestablishment of a traffic channel, and the establishment of thecorresponding A8 and A10 connections. When the BSC receives anOrigination message with the DRS bit set to 0, the BSC and/or PCF willupdate the A10 connection between the PCF and the PDSN.

When the MN 308 is in dormant mode no packet data communications areprocessed with the PDSN 302, however, the MN 308 continues to send“Origination” messages each time the MN 308 moves into a differentpacket zone. The Origination messages are primarily used to update theA10 connection between the PCF 304, 310 and the PDSN 302.

The MN 308 identifies a packet zone change by an identification of thePACKET_ZONE_ID (PZID) contained in a “Systems Parameters” messagetransmitted periodically by the BSC 306, 312. When the MN 308 identifiesa change in PZID, the MN 308 sends an Origination message identifyingthe current location and current packet zone. The Origination messagesmay cause a lot of interference on the access channel used to establishradio connection, as there may be any number of mobiles nodes, indormant mode, crossing packet zone boundaries.

According to one embodiment, the mobile node in dormant mode may avoidsending an Origination message every time it moves into a new packetzone by a process referred to as “Mobile-Unassisted Dormant Handoff.”When the MN 308 is in dormant mode, and there is no data pending forcommunication from the PDSN 302, the MN 308 does not need to send andOrigination message on movement to a new packet zone and the last usedcommunication path (i.e., A10 connection) is maintained. When there isdata destined for the MN, the PDSN 302 sends the data communicationusing the last used A10 connection.

According to the present embodiment, while in a dormant state or mode,the mobile node does not send an Origination message on a packet zonechange. Rather, the location of the mobile node is updated when there isincoming data to the mobile node, or when the mobile node has data tosend. In other words, at the time when the system receives data (sayfrom the Internet), which is destined for the mobile node, the systemattempts to locate the mobile node.

For data communications from the mobile node to the system, when themobile node transitions to the active state and has data to send, themobile node sends an Origination message with the DRS bit set to 1. Themobile node, in this case, follows a typical call flow, such as definedin the cdma2000 standards.

For data communications from the system to the mobile node, when amobile node is in a dormant state and there is incoming data to themobile, the data is forwarded from the serving PDSN to the serving PCFon the current active A10 connection (i.e., last used A10 connection).While in dormant mode, the mobile node does not send location updatesvia Origination messages each time a new packet zone is entered.Therefore, the location of the mobile node is not known when incomingdata is ready for communication. The mobile node may still be in thesame packet zone or may be in a different packet zone.

Consider the configuration illustrated in FIG. 3, wherein a PDSN 302supports multiple PCFs, specifically PCF1 304 and PCF2 310. The MobileNode (MN) 308 has established a packet data communication path with thePDSN 302 via the path on the left. The path is defined within packetzone 320 by: the A10 connection between PDSN 302 and the “serving” PCF,which is PCF1 304; the A8 connection between PCF1 304 and BSC1 306; andthe radio connection between BSC1 206 and MN 308. The term “serving”refers to the infrastructure element(s) and path established for thelast active packet data communication. As the MN 308 moves to adifferent packet zone, such as packet zone 330, a new path should beestablished for processing packet data communications. The new path isdefined by: an A10 connection between the PDSN 302 and a “target” PCF,which is PCF2 310; an A8 connection between PCF2 310 and BSC2 312; and aradio connection between BSC2 312 and MN 308. The term “target” refersto the infrastructure element(s) and path which is desired to facilitatea new packet data communication.

When there is packet data ready for communication to the MN 308, theserving PCF, which is PCF1 304, only knows the location of the MN 308for the last active packet data communication. The packet data isprocessed from PDSN 302 via the serving path, i.e., via PCF1 304. Theinfrastructure elements of the serving path initiate a page to the MN308. If the MN 308 has moved to a new packet zone, such as packet zone330, the MN 308 will not respond to the page message. The serving BSC1306 then requests the MSC 314 to page the mobile. The MSC 314 may:direct specific BSC(s) to page the MN 308; initiate a flood page in agiven serving area; or may request another MSC (not shown) to page theMN 308. Flood page is used if the MSC does not know where the MN is, butneeds to page it; in this case, the MSC would command all BSCs (that arein the MSC serving area) to page the MN. Flood page is not commonbecause most of time the MSC knows where the MN is via the over-the-airregistration procedures, such as defined in the cdma2000 standards; inthis case, the MSC only needs to command a particular BSC to page theMN. On receipt of the page, the MN 308 responds to the page from the newpacket zone 330 via the target PCF and BSC, PCF2 310 and BSC2 312,respectively. The MSC 314 authorizes the establishment of a trafficchannel for the MN 308. In response to the MSC 314 authorization, thetarget BSC (BSC2 312) creates a new A8 connection to the target PCF(PCF2 310), which in turn creates a new A10 with the PDSN 302.

If both the PCFs, the serving PCF (PCF1 304) and the target PCF (PCF2310) are connected to the same PDSN 302, the serving path is torn down.In this case the old A10 connection between PDSN 302 and the Serving PCFis removed when the new A10 connection with the target PCF isestablished. All new packet data intended for the MN 308 is processedvia the target path on the right hand side.

If both the PCFs, target and serving, are connected to different PDSNs,then link layer (PPP) re-establishment and Mobile IP re-registration isperformed between the MN 308 and the target PDSN (PDSN connected totarget PCF). Also, a new A10 connection is established between targetPCF and the target PDSN. The old A10 connection between serving PCF andthe serving PDSN is torn down or dropped when a registration lifetimetimer (Trp) expires.

FIG. 5 illustrates call flow for the case when the MN 308 moves to a newpacket zone 330, which is served by the same PDSN 302 as the priorpacket zone 320. As indicated hereinabove, the serving path is in packetzone 320, while the target path is in packet zone 330. Assuming the MN308 has performed registration—, before the packet data sessiontransitioned to dormant mode, and that the A10 connection between theServing PCF and the PDSN has not expired. The call flow is defined asfollows.

1) The PDSN 302 receives packet data targeted for the MN 308.

2) The PDSN 302 forwards the packet data to the Serving PCF (PCF1 304)through the existing A10 connection, i.e., via the serving path.

3) The serving BSC (BSC1 306) on the serving path pages the MN 308.

4) As the MN 308 has moved to another packet zone 330, there is no pageresponse from the from within packet zone 320.

5) The serving BSC (BSC1 306) requests the MSC 314 to page the MN 308and setup a traffic channel.

6&7) The MSC 314 initiates a page to the MN 308 to setup a trafficchannel.

8) The target BSC (BSC2 312) pages the MN 308 via the radio connection,i.e., Over The Air (OTA).

9) The MN 308 responds to the page from the new packet zone 330.

10) The page-response is forwarded by the target BSC (BSC2 312) to theMSC 314.

11) The MSC 314 authorizes the target BSC (BSC2 312) to assign a trafficchannel to the MN 308.

12) The A10 connection to the PDSN 302 is updated by the target PCF(PCF2 310).

13) All future data to the MN 308 while in packet zone 330 go throughthe target PCF (PCF2 310).

The MN 308 may move to a new packet zone wherein the new packet zone isnot served by PDSN 302, but rather is served by a target PDSN (notshown). In this case, the target path will be established to include thenew PDSN. FIG. 6 illustrates call flow for this case when the MN 308moves to a new packet zone, which is served by a different PDSN (notshown).

-   -   1) The PDSN 302 receives packet data for the MN 308.    -   2) The PDSN 302 forwards the packet data to the serving PCF        (PCF1 304) through the existing A10 connection on the serving        path.    -   3) The BSC1 306 pages the MN 308.    -   4) There is no page response from the MN 308 from within packet        zone 320.    -   5) The serving BSC (BSC1 306) requests the MSC 314 to page the        MN 308 and setup a traffic channel.    -   6&7) The MSC 314 initiates a page to the MN 308 to setup a        traffic channel.    -   8) The target BSC (not shown) in the new packet zone (not shown)        pages the MN 308 OTA.    -   9) The MN 308 responds to the page in the new packet zone.    -   10) The page-response is forwarded by the target BSC to the MSC        314.    -   11) The MSC 314 authorizes the target BSC to assign a traffic        channel to the MN 308.    -   12) An A10 connection to the PDSN is established by the target        PCF on the target path, i.e. associated with the target BSC.    -   13) The MN 308 re-establishes a PPP state with the target PDSN        and also performs Mobile IP registration.    -   14) All future packet data go through the target PDSN and target        PCF while the MN 308 is in the new packet zone. The old A10        connection on the serving path between the serving PDSN 302 and        serving PCF (PCF1 304) expires when registration lifetime timer        (Trp) expires.

FIG. 7 illustrates processing 500 at the MN 308 wherein the MN 308receives a system parameter message at step 502. For dormant mode (step504) processing continues to step 506 to determine if a page is receivedat the MN 308. Else if the MN 308 is not in dormant mode, processingcontinues to step 508 to send a message to the system identifying thelocation of the MN 308, such as an origination message. Note alternateembodiments may provide alternate messages and/or methods for the MN 308to identify a new location. From step 506 if no page is received, thenthe MN 308 stays in dormant mode, else, the MN 308 responds to the pageat step 508.

FIG. 8 illustrates processing 600 at the MN 308 when the systemparameters message identifies a mobile assistance criteria for dormanthandoff. The mobile assistance criteria may specify the criteria foridentifying the MN 308 location, such as an origination message to thesystem. The MN 308 receives a system parameters message at step 602. Fordormant mode (step 604) processing continues to step 606 to determine ifthe mobile assistance criteria is met. When the mobile assistancecriteria is met, the MN 308 identifies the current location, such as bysending a message to the system at step 608.

The system parameters message according to one embodiment includes amobile assistance criteria field. A code is used to select one ofmultiple criteria. In a first embodiment, the field is a one bit fieldthat either enables or disables mobile assisted dormant handoff. In asecond embodiment, the field is a multiple bit field that allows fordifferent criteria to trigger the mobile node to identify a currentlocation. In a third embodiment, a combination of the first and second,the field is a multiple bit field, wherein one bit enables or disablesthe mobile assisted handoff. When the bit indicates that mobile assistedhandoff is enabled, then other bit(s) are used to indicate a mobileassistance criteria. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 10, field 800includes a first field (or bit) 802 to enable or disable mobile-assistedhandoff. When enabled, the mobile node sends an origination message, orsome other location identifier, on change of packet zone. When disabled,the mobile node does not send a message on change of packet zone.

Note that according to one embodiment, the system may respond to thelocation identification from the mobile node by determining whether toestablish the target path or maintain the serving path. The system maymake such determination based on whether there are pending packet datacommunications for MN 308, system loading, historical packet data usageof MN 308, or any of a variety of system performance and operationcriteria.

Continuing with FIG. 10, the field 800 includes a field 804 thatidentifies the mobile assistance criteria when mobile assistance isenabled in field 802. The mobile assistance criteria field 804 mayspecify the change criteria to trigger the mobile node to send alocation identifier to the system.

A mobile node 700 capable of operation in one or multiple of theembodiments described hereinabove is illustrated in FIG. 9. The mobilenode 700 includes a communication bus 720 coupled to multiple functionalmodules. The mobile node 700 includes receive circuitry 702 and transmitcircuitry 704 for interfacing with the system via the radio link, OTA. Aprocessor 712 controls operation of the mobile node 700, and operates tostore and retrieve information from memory storage 710. Such informationmay include data, computer-readable instructions, etc. A mode selectionunit 704 identifies triggers for placing mobile node 700 into one ofseveral operating state. The mode selection unit 704 controls placingmobile node 700 into a dormant state and an active state with respect topacket data communication. A dormant handoff control unit 706 determinesthe proper operation while in the dormant state. In one embodiment, thedormant handoff control 706 determines such operation from the systemparameters message received. In other words, the dormant operation isadaptive to the system and current condition. In another embodiment, thedormant handoff control 706 is predetermined and does not adapt to thesystem in response to the system parameters message.

The examples discussed hereinabove present methods for dormant handoffthat avoids mobile assistance. Mobile-unassisted dormant handoffpresents some challenges and provides some options for operation.Firstly, if the mobile node has moved to a new packet zone and the A8connection still points to the serving PCF, packet data is first sent tothe serving PCF. The target path is then established and packet data issent to the mobile node via the target path. When packet data arrives atthe mobile node, some packet(s), such as those forwarded to the servingPCF, may be lost. The amount of packet loss is proportional to the delayin updating the network connections In the worst case, such delayincludes the paging latency, time to set-up A8 connection with thetarget PCF, time to set-up A10 connection with the target PDSN, time tore-establish PPP, and time for Mobile IP re-registration. Thus there isthe potential for inaccurate and incomplete packet data communicationson change of packet zone.

Secondly, when a mobile node does not respond to the page message sentby the Serving BSC, the serving BSC requests the MSC to page the mobilenode. In response, the MSC may initiate a flood page. Depending on thearea covered by the MSC, the flood page area could be huge and, hence,consume excessive network resources. There is a tradeoff, therefore,between disabling mobile assisted dormant handoff and efficient,accurate operation of the system.

Still further, enabling mobile assisted dormant handoff introducesinterference on the access channel, even when there is no packet dataready for communication with the mobile node. Whereas, disabling mobileassisted dormant handoff may cause packet loss, proportional to the timetaken to setup the new A8 connection with the target PCF, and canconsume network resources, especially, if flood paging is used to detectthe position of the mobile. The service provider may therefore decide toselect between assisted and un-assisted dormant handoff to meet therequirements of a given system.

In one embodiment, the service provider enables mobile unassisteddormant handoff via the signaling messages. In this way, the signalingmessage, such as the system parameters message, will identify thecriteria for a mobile node to send an origination message, or in someother way identify a location to the system. The criteria may be achange of SID, NID, and/or PZID, or some combination thereof. Typically,in mobile-assisted dormant handoff, the mobile node sends an originationmessage each time the PZID changes. The PZID is received in a systemparameters message transmitted OTA by the BSC in each packet zone. Thesystem parameters message could be enhanced to include a change ofcriteria. The mobile node would then be instructed, via the systemparameters message, to send an origination message on a change of SIDonly, or on a change of NID and SID, etc.

According to another embodiment, the SID area is defined as the areaserved by one PDSN. In this way, packet losses are minimized, as thetime delay in setting up the target path is less than that ofestablishing a target path through a new PDSN.

Those of skill in the art would understand that information and signalsmay be represented using any of a variety of different technologies andtechniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information,signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout theabove description may be represented by voltages, currents,electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields orparticles, or any combination thereof.

Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrativelogical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described inconnection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented aselectronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. Toclearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software,various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and stepshave been described above generally in terms of their functionality.Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or softwaredepends upon the particular application and design constraints imposedon the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the describedfunctionality in varying ways for each particular application, but suchimplementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing adeparture from the scope of the present invention.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits describedin connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implementedor performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signalprocessor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), afield programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device,discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or anycombination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein.A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in thealternative, the processor may be any conventional processor,controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also beimplemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combinationof a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one ormore microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with theembodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in asoftware module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two.A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory,EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, aCD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Anexemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processorcan read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor.The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC mayreside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and thestorage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided toenable any person skilled in the art to make or use the presentinvention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readilyapparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles definedherein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from thespirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is notintended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to beaccorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novelfeatures disclosed herein.

1. A method for operating a dormant mobile node roaming from a firstpacket zone identified by a first packet zone identifier, comprising:receiving an instruction from an access network that is configured toprevent each dormant mobile node receiving the instruction from sendingan origination message; preventing, based on the received instruction,the dormant mobile node from sending an origination message when thedormant mobile node enters a second packet zone identified by a secondpacket zone identifier such that the access network is not notified ofthe dormant mobile node's presence within the second packet zone uponentry; and updating a location of the dormant mobile node if there isincoming data to the dormant mobile node or if the dormant mobile nodehas data to transmit.
 2. A method according to claim 1, furthercomprising: if there is incoming data to the dormant mobile node,forwarding data from a serving Packet Data Service Node (PDSN) to aserving Base Station/Packet Control Function (BS/PCF) on a currentactive A10 connection.
 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein whenthe dormant mobile node moves from a serving BS/PCF to a target BS/PCF,further comprising: paging the dormant mobile node; authorizing theestablishment of a traffic channel for the dormant mobile node; creatinga new A8 connection to the target PCF; and creating a new A10 connectiontowards the PDSN.
 4. A method according to claim 3, wherein if both theserving PCF and target PCF are connected to the same PDSN, furthercomprising: removing the old A10 connection with the serving PCF; andestablishing a new A10 connection with the target PCF such that new dataintended for the dormant mobile node goes through the target PCF.
 5. Amethod according to claim 3, wherein if both the serving PCF and targetPCF are connected to different PDSNs, further comprising: performingLink layer Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) re-establishment and MobileInternet Protocol (IP) re-registration between the mobile node and thePDSN connected to target PCF; and establishing a new A10 connectionbetween target PCF and the target PDSN.
 6. A method according to claim1, further comprising: if the dormant mobile node has data to send,sending an origination message with a Data Ready to Send (DRS) indicatorbit set to
 1. 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the dormantmobile node is a mobile node having a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) linkbetween the mobile node and a packet data serving node, and not having aphysical traffic channel between the mobile node and a base station. 8.A mobile node, comprising: means for sending an origination message;means for receiving an instruction from an access network that isconfigured to prevent each dormant mobile node receiving the instructionfrom sending an origination message; and means for preventing, based onthe received instruction, the mobile node from sending the originationmessage when the mobile node is dormant and roams from a first packetzone identified by a first packet zone identifier to a second packetzone identified by a second packet zone identifier such that the accessnetwork is not notified of the dormant mobile node's presence within thesecond packet zone upon entry; wherein, the dormant mobile node updatesits location if the mobile node has data to send by having the dormantmobile node send an origination message with a Data Ready to Send (DRS)bit set to
 1. 9. A mobile node according to claim 8, wherein the dormantmobile node has a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) link between the mobilenode and a packet data serving node, and does not have a physicaltraffic channel between the mobile node and a base station.
 10. A mobilenode, comprising: a receiving unit configured to receive an instructionfrom an access network that is configured to prevent each dormant mobilenode receiving the instruction from sending an origination message; anda processor that prevents the mobile node from sending an originationmessage when the mobile node is in a dormant state and moves from afirst packet zone identified by a first packet zone identifier to asecond packet zone identified by a second packet zone identifier suchthat the access network is not notified of the dormant mobile node'spresence within the second packet zone upon entry; wherein the receivingunit is configured such that if there is incoming data and the mobilenode is in a dormant state, the location of the dormant mobile nodeupdated.
 11. A mobile node according to claim 10, when the dormantmobile node moves from a serving Base Station/Packet Control Function(BS/PCF) to a target BS/PCF, the dormant mobile node responds to a pagefrom the target BS/PCF to establish of a traffic channel for the dormantmobile node.
 12. A mobile node according to claim 10, furthercomprising: a transmitter unit that sends data, wherein if the dormantmobile node has data to send, the dormant mobile node sends anorigination message with a Data Ready to Send (DRS) indicator bit setto
 1. 13. A mobile node according to claim 10, wherein the dormantmobile node has a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) link between the mobilenode and a packet data serving node, and does not having a physicaltraffic channel between the mobile node and a base station.
 14. Amethod, comprising: sending an origination message; receiving, after thesending step, an instruction from an access network that is configuredto prevent each dormant mobile node receiving the instruction fromsending an origination message; and preventing, based on the receivedinstruction, a mobile node from sending the origination message when themobile node is dormant and roams from a first packet zone identified bya first packet zone identifier to a second packet zone identified by asecond packet zone identifier such that the access network is notnotified of the dormant mobile node's presence within the second packetzone upon entry, wherein, the dormant mobile node updates its locationif the mobile node has data to send by having the dormant mobile nodesend an origination message with a Data Ready to Send (DRS) bit setto
 1. 15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the dormant mobilenode has a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) link between the mobile nodeand a packet data serving node, and does not having a physical trafficchannel between the mobile node and a base station.
 16. An apparatus foroperating a dormant mobile node that roams from a first packet zoneidentified by a first packet zone identifier comprising: means forreceiving an instruction from an access network that is configured toprevent each dormant mobile node receiving the instruction from sendingan origination message; means for preventing, based on the receivedinstruction, the dormant mobile node from sending an origination messagewhen the dormant mobile node enters a second packet zone identified by asecond packet zone identifier such that the access network is notnotified of the dormant mobile node's presence within the second packetzone upon entry; and means for updating a location of the dormant mobilenode if there is incoming data to the dormant mobile node.
 17. Theapparatus according to claim 16, further comprising: means forforwarding data from a serving Packet Data Service Node (PDSN) to aserving Base Station/Packet Control Function (BS/PCF) on a currentactive A10 connection, if there is incoming data for the dormant mobilenode.
 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein when the dormantmobile node moves from a serving BS/PCF to a target BS/PCF, furthercomprising: means for paging the dormant mobile node; means forauthorizing the establishment of a traffic channel for the dormantmobile node; means for creating a new A8 connection to the target PCF;and means for creating a new A10 connection towards the PDSN.
 19. Theapparatus according to claim 18, wherein if both the serving PCF andtarget PCF are connected to the same PDSN, further comprising: means forremoving the old A10 connection with the serving PCF; and means forestablishing a new A10 connection with the target PCF such that new dataintended for the dormant mobile node goes through the target PCF. 20.The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein if both the serving PCF andtarget PCF are connected to different PDSNs, further comprising: meansfor performing Link layer Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) re-establishmentand Mobile Internet Protocol (IP) re-registration between the mobilenode and the PDSN connected to target PCF; and means for establishing anew A10 connection between target PCF and the target PDSN.
 21. Theapparatus according to claim 16, wherein if the dormant mobile node hasdata to send, further comprising: means for sending an originationmessage with a Data Ready to Send (DRS) indicator bit set to
 1. 22. Theapparatus according to claim 16, wherein the dormant mobile node furthercomprises: means for a mobile node having a Point-to-Point Protocol(PPP) link between the mobile node and a packet data serving node, andnot having a physical traffic channel between the mobile node and a basestation.
 23. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium,comprising instructions for operating a dormant mobile node roaming froma first packet zone identified by a first packet zone identifier, which,when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations, theinstructions comprising: instructions to receive an instruction from anaccess network that is configured to prevent each dormant mobile nodereceiving the instruction from sending an origination message;instructions to prevent, based on the received instruction, the dormantmobile node from sending an origination message when the dormant mobilenode enters a second packet zone identified by a second packet zoneidentifier such that the access network is not notified of the dormantmobile node's presence within the second packet zone upon entry; andinstructions to update a location of the dormant mobile node if there isincoming data for the dormant mobile node.
 24. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 23, further comprising:instructions to forward data from a serving Packet Data Service Node(PDSN) to a serving Base Station/Packet Control Function (BS/PCF) on acurrent active A10 connection, if there is incoming data to the dormantmobile node.